Nalgonda is a town and a municipality in Nalgonda district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Its name is derived from two Telugu words Nalla (Black) and Konda (hill). Nalgonda in the past is referred to as Nilagiri. During the period of Bahamani kingdom, it had been renamed as Nallagonda. Later in Nizam rule, during the later kings rule the name has been transformed into Nalgonda (for official uses). Recently A.P. govt. has changed its name to Nalgonda for convenience (for official purpose).

But the popular name, Nallagonda with which it is referred to by one and all and finds the name frequently even in "Poetry of the famous Telangana Liberation Struggle", should be restored back in view of its history and popular usage. As of 2011 India census, Nalgonda had a population of 135,163 . Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Nalgonda has an average literacy rate of 87.08%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 92.23%, and female literacy is 81.92%. In Nalgonda, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.